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It took until 1995 before the name Bombay changed into Mumbai. In 1960 Bombay State became Maharashtra, with Bombay as its capitol. Over the years Bombay became one of the biggest industrial cities in the world, with Gerard Aungier as the "Father of Bombay." He was the one who persuaded businessmen from all over India to come and settle in this central city and so it developed into a great commercial centre.Įngland ruled over Bombay until 1947, when India became independent. The East India Company saw the potential of Bombay as trading port because of its strategic location, and took over the island. When King Charles II married the Portuguese princess Catherine Braganza, the Portuguese decided to give the islands to him in 1661.Ĭharles II took over the remaining islands a couple years later. In 1534 the Sultan of Gujarat gave in and handed the islands over to the Portuguese, but the islands turned out not to be of any use to them. The Portuguese Occupation of Mumbai The Portuguese Vasco da Gama found the sea route to Bombay, and several attacks followed. Muslim ruler Sultan Muhamed Begada captured the by Hindu inhabited islands. When Mumbai was still Bombay, it was a cluster of seven Koli islands. long, tumble down as roaring streams which flow in deeply entrenched valleys to terminate in tidal estuaries. In sharp contrast, the hill torrents of the Konkan, barely a 100 km. Fluvial action by the Krishna, Bhima, Godavari, Tapi-Purna and Wardha-Wainganga river systems has further aided in the compartmentalisation of the Desh into broad, open river valleys, alternating with plateau interfluves, that form the ribs of the Sahyadrian backbone. Earth sculpturing under the tropical climate completed the panorama-sharply defining the landform features in the semi-arid conditions, and rounding the hilltops under wetter condition. Variations in their composition and structure have resulted in massive, well-jointed steel-grey cliff faces alternating with structural benches of vesicular amygdaloid lava and ash layers, all of which contribute to the pyramida-shaped hills and crest-level plateaux or mesas.
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Roughly 60 to 90 million years ago, the outpouring of basic lava through fissures formed horizontally bedded basalt over large areas. The state area, barring the extreme eastern Vidarbha region, parts of Kolhapur and Sindhudurg, is practically co-terminous with the Deccan Traps. This topography of the state is the outcome of its geological structure. Except around Mumbai, and along the eastern limits, the State of Maharashtra presents a monotonously uniform, flat-topped skyline.